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thinking about humans in different parts of the world all agreeing that having an Event just to display shiny trinkets is the way to go (or as @permanentlyspacedout so eloquently put it, crow brain!)
And not just agreeing that displaying trinkets is neat, but that the displays should be tiered.
case in point: in the toasty regions of South India, we do the bommala koluvu
(apologies for the blurred images; they're from wiki and here)
and of course, there's the probably better known tiers of Christmas trees (flicked this from here):
(my mum argues that nativity scene dioramas are more akin to bommala koluvus than the tree, but I'm too hung up on the (admittedly flimsy) tiered connection so shushhh)
And then a lil digging on the interwebs led to me discovering Japan's Hinamatsuri: (Image source)
(look at that! steps again!)
something something humans across regions are connected by the apparently innate urge of going "dolls on steps tho".
#india and japan: đ€dolls on steps are neat#or something. idk.#these displays ARE neat tho#and so much fun to make#(*given the right assistance and equally enthusiastic company that is)#i need the world to know that the bommala koluvu we made this year has moving parts too#including a working fountain in a pond at the bottom of a hill :]#we make them for the festival of sankranti (which is going on rn) and it's great :)#but also realising this is kinda similar to nativity scenes/christmas trees was an Experience#and then discovering that Japan has a similar steps display?#that was a delightful surprise#I'd love to hear of any other such traditions đ#placeholder tag
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john and paul in rishikesh, india (1968) by paul saltzman
PAUL SALTZMAN REMEMBERS: âJohn and Paul were strumming their Martin acoustic guitars, singing fragments of songs, musically meandering through some of my favorites: "Michelle", "All You Need is Love", "Eleanor Rigby", and others. I got my camera and after taking a few pictures through the chainlink fence, I opened the gate and joined them.â
#beatlesedit#mclennon#john lennon#paul mccartney#india#1968#india placeholder tag#p: paul mccartney#p: john lennon#x: now and then#p: paul saltzman#edit: mybeatles
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January 25th, 1969 (Apple Studios, London): Paul talks about watching the footage of the Beatlesâ sojourn in India. (Note: For @silvermarmosetâ. This is the dialogue as depicted the official Let It Be documentary film. Itâs essentially a cut-and-paste job of the full-length conversation and heavily edited; amongst other things, George asking, âDo you regret having gone there?â a bit after Paulâs âwe totally sort of put our own personalities on there [for the sake of it]â, is cut. Iâll be posting the full-length audio of the conversation with decent transcription later, hopefully soon!)Â
PAUL: Oh, I saw the film last night.
JOHN: What?
PAUL: Of us at the Maharishiâs. Iâve got all the film of it, added them all sort of together.
JOHN: Oh yeah?
PAUL: Yeah. Incredible.Â
JOHN: Iâve got a couple of reels as well.Â
PAUL: Itâs just got a great opening â yeah.Â
JOHN: The helicopter one up in the sky, Iâve got.Â
PAUL: Yeah, I noticed you taking it, so I thought â yeah. Itâs incredible, just to sort of see us, what weâre doing... itâs unbelievable.Â
GEORGE: What were you doing?
JOHN: Yes, what were we doing?
GEORGE: Except[?]...Â
PAUL: Uh... I donât really know, you know. [John chuckles] But itâs like we totally sort of put our own personalities on there. We werenât really sort of truthful there. I mean we could have â you know, itâs things like sneaking behind his back and saying, âItâs a bit like school, isnât it?â But you can see on the film that it is very like school, and that really, we should have sort of said like, âWe needââ
JOHN: You want to call it â you want to call it âWhat We Did On Our Holidaysâ?
PAUL: Well, you know, I meanâ
JOHN: Just to sort of get it over with.Â
PAUL: [distracted] Yeah. Yeah. [pause] But it is very like that. Thereâs a long shot of you just walking with him, and itâs just not you, you know! Itâs just â yeah. [Paul laughs at what Johnâs doing offscreen] Yeah! Sort of all, âTell me old master.â And thatâ
JOHN: Tell me old master.
PAUL: And, remember the thing you said the other night about when you went up in the helicopter with him, you just thought he might slip you the answer? [Paul and John laugh]Â
#1969#sessions: get back#john and paul#so what did or didn't happen in india really placeholder tag#we are all ringo#video
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While weâre discussing the Devs issues in portraying gender, orientation, race, religion and ethnicity in this fandom, I want to bring up how âDevs abandonment of their own âcanonâ aside, given theyâre word of God as it was said in this post and its subsequent additionâ it is also important to note the people who get hate over this are almost always people who are trans (any flavour of trans), who are fans of colour, who arenât Christian nor Culturally white Christians either.
Itâs always people who try to expand the Arcana verse in ways which are respectful, diverse and incredibly rich the ones who get set backs and get nitpicked over their words. Nitpicking includes redirecting the topic, whataboutism, sending people to harass others on inboxes, sleeping on writers, among other things.
When people like @arcanecadenza have brought up ableism in the game, it wasnât people who were being ableist who got backlash. When I, and many other fans of colour have brought up racism in the fandom and the way it engages with the game and fan created content (as in content over form, jic) itâs us who get the backlash even when other white fans have also spoken up in solidarity.
But of course, no one calls them out. Itâs always us.
This is an aside, but while weâre at it, I know people can change and maybe this was them changing, but given everything NH does I say sus: Anyone noticed how insistent they were about solidarity with the Asian-American community, to the point of organising things that werenât just coin sales, and going out of their way to explain the situation, while all they did to show solidarity with Black people was... a coin sale?
I could really go off about that now that I mentioned it. They ripped off a lot of aspects of Indian Culture (be honest Nyx Hydra) and thereâs been no mentions of solidarity with the COVID situation in India. They blatantly use Nopal as placeholder place with Mexican vibes, and thereâs never been any solidarity with Mexico, or anywhere in Latin America (like what is happening in Colombia, or what happened in Chile in 2019). Granted, LatAm is not monolith and itâs a complex region, but still. At the very least do it with immigrants in the US.
If youâre gonna slap tags and IDs like this is a sticker hoarding contest, at the very least have the decency to include it throughout the game, or you know, remind people that you didnât come up with this cool, cool concept. Iâve already talked about this, however I am aware that for the Devs to actively do this theyâd have to antagonise the homophobes, transphobes, antisemites, and racist white people playing their game, and like we all saw with the Save Portia campaign, if one thing NH likes, is your money and your time.
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Writing Ask Games
Tagged by @papersky-pencilstars thank you!
Iâm using my current WIP Stars in the Dark
1. Describe the plot in one sentence.
Hemlock is hired to kill a prince but doesnât anticipate the bodyguard being competent, while Fox walks a fine line between creatively interpreting his orders and outright treason - emotions ensue.Â
2. Pick one sight, smell, sound, feel, and taste to describe the aesthetic of your novel.
Brilliant jewel tones painting scalloped arches in sandstone and marble
âcinnamon and anise and paprika and tomatoes mellowing in rich coconut milkâ
a folk song and lullaby being sung in chorus as the hymn of a mischievous goddess-fox
the shock and pain of falling onto a very hard surface
chilled pomegranate and desert pear mead on the first day of spring
3. Which 3+ songs would make up a playlist for the novel?
Yellow Flicker Beat - Lorde
Collide - James Bay
Did You Hear the Rain? - George Ezra
4. Whatâs the time period and location in which the novel takes place.
:))) Time period is sort of nebulous? Itâs sort of medieval, and but things like pin-and-tumbler locks exist. As for the location, itâs split between Mahjuren and Kinan. Mahjuren is heavily influenced by Mughal India, Persia, and North Africa, but the climate is more temperate with deciduous oak forests and marshlands, but also monsoons donât @ me I know it doesnât make sense itâs fantasy okay? Kinan is an archipelagic kingdom, very much tropical, with a strong Southeast Asian flavor, but with blue everything everywhere.
5. Is this a standalone or a part in a series?
Itâs a standalone! And also technically like... the prequel for a different solo novel set in the same universe but far into the future when all the sovereign states in SitD have either fallen or morphed into something new.
6. Are there any former titles youâve considered but discarded?
Fox and Flower. Itâs technically not actually a title, just a placeholder, but it has a nice ring to it. I would have used it if not for the fact that I have an aversion to using character names in fantasy titles.
7. Whatâs the first line of your novel?
âHemlock flattened himself into the alcove, chest heaving as he caught his breath.â
8. Whatâs a dialogue youâre particularly proud of?
Oh man, thereâs so many snippets ugh.
Thereâs this bit:
"I don't know, you could at least pretend to care."
Something like anger flickered in his eyes, but it didn't reach the rest of his face. "All I ever do is care," Fox said, his voice almost flippantly cool. "To do otherwise would be treason, and I'm not eager to die."
"You're unbelievable," Lilac scoffed.
"Would you like it better if I said that very little matters more to me than his well-being?" Fox offered, his tone mocking. "That I've come to see him as my younger brother and I would gladly betray his father if it meant keeping him safe? Is that satisfactory?"
"Why are you like this?"
Or:
"You're such a bastard."
"Indeed I am," Fox said, still smiling. He brushed his fingertips against Hemlock's arm as he stood up from the pallet. "I'll be going now."
"Goodnight, traitor."
"Sleep well, murderer."
Or or this one, which I used as my back-cover quote:
Lilac let her shoulders drop and turned back around to face him. "What's the catch?"
"No catch. I know what a gilded cage it is to serve the crown," Fox said. "I don't believe in caging pretty birds to make them sing on command."
"And what about dangerous animals?"
Fox shrugged. "There is nothing more pathetic than a tiger that has been beaten into submission."
Lilac raised a skeptical brow. "And is that what you are?"
Fox met her gaze with a shake of his head. "I'm just a dog on a leash," he said. "I do as I'm ordered."
9. Which line from the novel most represents it as a whole?
"That doesn't make it taste any less bitter," Fox said, his voice low and cold, "when you offer me the honor of being your second, as if it wasn't always my fucking birthright to stand as your equal."
10. Who are your character faceclaims?
SO hereâs the thing: Iâve tried. Iâve TRIEEED to find good photo references for my characters.... but theyâre all PoC and darker skinned except Fox, who is still not... pale, per se. Which is a big fucking issue because itâs impossible to find decent photos of a young South Asian man with no beard, or a young Southeast Asian man who doesnât just look like a kpop idol (which is NOT to say that they all look the same, because they donât, itâs just that they have a uniformly  p a l e  aesthetic; also heâs not Korean). HOWEVER, I found one really good reference for Lilac:
Lilac is a few shades darker with curly hair, and her eyes are brown, not green, but otherwise she looks very much like this.
11. Sort your characters into Harry Potter houses!
Hemlock - Hufflepuff
Fox - Slytherin
Remin - Ravenclaw
Lilac - Slytherin
Tayali - Slytherin
Vermil - Gryffindor
Bonus side characters:
Xuan - Hufflepuff
Liem - Slytherin
Fern - Gryffindor
Clem - Hufflepuff
12. Which characterâs name do you like the most?
Fox and Xuan!Â
13. Describe each characterâs daily outfit.
Hemlock - black hooded vest over a dark shirt, plain-woven linen pants tucked into sturdy leather boots, knives tucked eveywhere. so many knives.Â
Fox - finely made dark cotton shirts with embroidery on the collar and cuffs under a sturdier vest with matching embroidery on the chest panels, black twill pants, black leather bracers and low-necked boots.Â
Remin - a brocade shalwar kameez with goldwork and pearl buttons, silk pants and a coordinating sash around his waist, kidskin shoes.
Lilac - a cotton choli with intricate embroidery and a matching lehenga, slippers with beadwork and tiny mirrors, a few bangles and sometimes earrings but no necklaces when sheâs working.
Tayali - prior to her defection, the same as Fox. afterwards, loose-fitting shirts fashioned out of colorful batiks and ikats - or adire if she can find it, long pants gathered below the knee, the same low-necked boots from her days as a Black Knife, a delicate-looking necklace with an iridescent steel spider pendant.
Vermil - similar to Remin, but even more ornately embroidered, a dress saber slid into a knotted sash, knee-high boots.
Xuan - an airy silk ĂĄo dĂ i in various shades of blue and painted or embroidered with waves or flowers or birds, a matching khÄng ÄĂłng, a silver bib necklace, heeled silk shoes with silver bird wings embroidered on the toes.
14. Do any characters have distinctive birthmarks/scars?
Fox has an x-shaped scar on his cheek, Hemlock has a thin slash on his cheek, and both have multiple scars on the rest of their bodies. Lilac has a birthmark on her upper thigh. Tayali has scars similar to Foxâs but none visible while clothed.Â
15. Which character most fits a character trope?
Vermil is pretty âevil kingâ but Iâm trying to give his character some more depth than that.Â
16. Which character is the best writer? Worst?
Remin is both a good and straight up awful writer. Heâs great at academic writing and diplomatic missives, so unfathomably bad at love letters. Other than him, I would say Lilac or Xuan are the best writers, and Hemlock is probably the worst.Â
17. Which character is the best liar? Worst?
Fox is the best liar, Remin is the worst.
18. Which character swears the most? Least?
Hemlock swears most! He drops f-bombs left and right (altho not in the text bc Iâm trying to keep things YA-friendly). Remin swears least because of his ingrained manners.
19. Which character has the best handwriting? Worst?
Remin has very proper penmanship with perfect curlicues and all that jazz. Fox has really pretty handwriting thatâs flowy and sort of spidery but still easy to read. Hemlockâs handwriting is the worst comparatively, but itâs not actually bad. Itâs just very plain and straightforward.Â
20. Which character is most like you? Least like you?
Personality-wise Iâm most like Hemlock, but culturally Iâm v much Fox. Diaspora, homesick for my mother country, bilingual etc.Â
21. Which character would you most like to be?
I think Iâd like to be one of the non-field Spiders. I would just craft things for them to use or help forge documents.Â
I tag @issun-boshi â @longsightmythâ and @spaceshipkatâ (itâs laini). Feel free to join in even if I havenât tagged you, and tag me so I can see your answers!
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India Hindus begin pilgrimage in Kashmir amid heavy security
India Hindus begin pilgrimage in Kashmir amid heavy security
Placeholder while article actions load SRINAGAR, India â Thousands of Hindu devotees began an annual pilgrimage Thursday through mountain passes and meadows to an icy Himalayan cave in Indian-controlled Kashmir amid heavy security in the Muslim-majority region. Officials say pilgrims face heightened threat of attacks from rebels fighting against Indian rule and have for the first time taggedâŠ
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OnePlus Officially Announces Merger with Oppo
After working closely with Oppo for a long time, OnePlus has now made its merger with the Chinese business public. OnePlus opted to âfurther integrateâ its organisation with Oppo âafter observing good effectâ from the current partnership, according to co-founder and CEO Pete Lau in a forum post.
OnePlus and Oppo, on the other hand, will continue to operate as separate brands, according to the executive. The news comes only days after OnePlus announced the OnePlus Nord CE as its new cheap smartphone in India and other regions.
In a forum post, Lau stated that the tighter integration with Oppo will provide OnePlus with additional resources to deliver âeven better productsâ to customers.
He mentioned that one of the adjustments may be âfaster and more stable software upgrades,â which are frequently requested by consumers owing to delays in regular updates on older OnePlus phones and unsatisfactory experiences on newer models.
OnePlus and Oppo are both controlled by BBK Electronics, a Guangdong-based company that also owns Vivo and Realme. As a result, since their beginning, all of these firms have shared resources internally.
Lau and his colleague Carl Pei, who both worked at Oppo before launching OnePlus in December 2013, were also co-founders. However, the latest step looks to effectively reveal OnePlus and Oppo partnership on product development and channel more of their own resources.
In the article titled âA New Journey for OnePlus,â Lau stated, âAs for the OnePlus brand â we will continue to operate freely, focusing on delivering you with the greatest possible products and experience as we have always done.â
What can be its future?
OnePlus, according to the 46-year-old CEO, will continue to introduce products, host events, and connect with its audience directly through the same channels as previously. All of this means that, at least in the medium term, there will be no substantial changes for OnePlus users.
However, for the Chinese versions of its flagship smartphones, OnePlus replaced its native HydrogenOS with Oppoâs ColorOS early this year. Last year, the firm also released the HeyMelody app, which provided update services for both OnePlus and Oppo earbuds.
Lau joined OPlus, Oppoâs parent company that also has a controlling interest in OnePlus, in May 2020. With this change, the CEO was able to move OnePlus closer to Oppo. Last year, OnePlus and Oppo improved their user experience by better integrating their research and development (R&D) resources.
OnePlus announced the OnePlus Nord CE 5G for worldwide markets earlier this week, as well as the OnePlus Nord N200 5G in Canada and the United States. The firm is also expected to release the OnePlus Nord 2 in the coming days, expanding its presence in the mid-range market.
This merger may help us in understanding and getting more products by the giant companies. We should wait and see how this works for the tech world and what next we get in the future.
Oneplus Nord N200 5G is official
Mr. Pete Lau, the CEO of OnePlus, stated last month that the Nord N200 5G, which will be exclusive to the United States and Canada, will be released soon. He didnât say when the phone would be released, but it has been featured on B&H Photoâs website with official-looking photos and a $239.99 price tag.
While that pricing could be a placeholder, the retailer says you may pre-order one starting June 25, which seems a little too specific and is more likely accurate.
The Nord N200 5Gâs listing on B&H Photo additionally contains the following specifications:
6.49-inch FullHD+ 90Hz LCD, 4GB RAM, 64GB storage, OxygenOS based on Android 11, 13-megapixel triple camera, and 5G connectivity. The Snapdragon 480 SoC, 5,000 mAh battery, and 18W charging are among the remaining specifications, which were just disclosed by Evan Blass. The Nord N200 5G will have four cameras on board: a 16MP selfie camera in the punch hole, a 13MP primary camera on the back, and 2MP macro and 2MP monochrome cameras on the front. The Nord N200 5G will also have a fingerprint scanner on the side, a USB-C connector, and a 3.5mm headphone jack. The deviceâs 5G connectivity, though, is the most significant enhancement. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB Type-C, and a 3.5mm headphone jack are among the other connectivity choices on the Nord N200 5G.
OnePlus Nord N200 5G price and availability
The OnePlus Nord N200 5G is available for $239.99 (Rs 17,600) for its single memory variant, which includes 4GB of RAM and 64GB of internal storage. Apart from the United States, the smartphone will only be available in Canada for the time being, for a price of CAD 319.99 (Rs 19,300).
Starting June 25, the Nord N200 5G will be offered in a single Blue Quantum colour option. In the United States and Canada, the smartphone will be available through OnePlusâ own website, as well as partner stores such as T-Mobile, Best Buy, Amazon, and B&H.
The OnePlus Nord N200 5G is not currently available in other markets, according to OnePlus.
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5 Greatest Car Gadgets For 2019
With this number of devices and accessories, your gear will thank you. So keep up with our weekly pick of the perfect gadgets and tech out proper now, whether you're after something simple to make your every single day extra frictionless or one thing a bit particular. With electronics gadgets becoming a part of our daily life, and newer gadgets being supplied on the market virtually every single day, there will by no means be a dry period for your enterprise-your product will always be in demand.
Nevertheless they bought our attention, this gallery exhibits some of the gadgets that, previously year or so, we thought the best. All digital gadgets have improved our life a lot. Dango affords the tactical EDC wallet, which not solely makes use of RFID blocking technology to keep your information safe, but it surely also options all types of tools and gadgets in a light-weight pockets (only two ounces before including cards and money); made of aerospace grade CNC'd aluminum.
Between telephones, tablets, hotspots and other devices you take in your road journey, it's easy to run out of shops in a hurry. The following list takes into consideration what devices are a waste of cash, along with the essential tech every automobile should have. Thankfully, there is a massive aftermarket of devices and add-ons that work with nearly any present vehicle on the highway immediately.
Expertise devices have gotten on a regular basis gadgets in at this time's modern world. If you're a retailer or drop shipper of digital devices, chances are you'll want to contemplate selecting good titles and outline key phrases to attract prospects. Every web page consists of one or more devices arranged within web page-particular layouts or theme-specific placeholders.
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When comparing prices on digital devices chances are you'll find comparable merchandise with different worth points. There are Great Deals on new and most original gadgets obtainable online in India. You've obtained the wheels, but now it is time to throw in one of the best automobile devices that improve your journey. These gadgets could make your road journey safer, smoother, and rather more pleasurable.
From streaming set-high boxes to augmented actuality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhhX0xtdVKM laser tag to smartphone photo voltaic chargers, here are 25 cool gadgets priced no more than $50 each-every certainly one of them certain to be helpful, enjoyable, entertaining, or all the above. Strive searching "coolest devices" on Google for some more vital gadget news blogs. Every day Cool Gadgets. With Gadgets360Ă°, we consider in providing a 360Ă° view to our users and in our endeavour, we've got a lot more planned for you in the type of unique gadget launches, best offers on common products and video content.
Complete sections of playground-type toys on your younger ones to have fun within the yard, gear in your ĂąâŹÂŠ Gadget Evaluation is house to a few of the coolest gadgets and the most effective consumer opinions online with top ten shopper product comparisons to the latest gadget information, to prime devices starting from the top Kitchen Gadgets Kitchen Utensils Pet Provides Catalog Quick Store.
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You may by no means have to fret about throwing batteries in, it simply hangs there and tells you when it detects a leak, when the pressure is low, or when a sensor has run out of cost and needs to be tended to. As the most effective automotive gadgets to maintain your car's prosperity, ZEEPIN Solar Energy Tire Strain Monitoring System is a must have.
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Ideas For Using The New Tech Devices You Received For Christmas Adweek
You'll be able to spend your money on all kinds of bizarre gadgets, from Bluetooth-enabled toothbrushes to toasters that print your selfie on your breakfast. Placeholders are inherited by the page template from a grasp structure and outline the areas the place layouts and devices can appear. From innovative tech and kitchen devices to personalised presents, you will love these cool and weird reward ideas. I'm unsure exactly how Google defines a gadget versus a client electronics product (I requested and was advised gadgets are a subset of CE), although I'm guessing it has one thing to do with the machine being moveable.
Sure, there are a lot of completely different electronic devices have been manufactured for a lot of totally different functions. On this category you're going to discover plenty of must have car gadgets akin to wholesale digital breathalyzers, quick automobile chargers and lighting products from China. China Gadgets : Greater than 10,000+ cool digital devices from China ,including apple equipment, Android telephone equipment, computer accessories,client electronics.
We've scoured the net for the coolest and most helpful gadgets around proper now, and put collectively a listing of our high 25. With functions ranging from keeping you entertained to maintaining you safe, there's positive to be one thing here to go well with every driver's needs. Not solely are these tech devices fun and modern, but a lot of them can increase your high quality of living and make it simpler to complete simple or monotonous tasks on a daily basis.
So, when you have an inquisitive five or six-year-outdated in your home who loves tinkering with electronic media, here are some excessive-end electronic devices for him. Kickstarter is a good web site that enables individuals to fund initiatives they need to reap the benefits of. There are many potential automobile gadgets and tech on there. Kind by: Featured Best Promoting Name, A-Z Identify, Z-A Worth, low to high Value, high to low Date, new to previous Date, outdated to new This 19 Insanely Cool Devices Are Going To Promote Out Quickly.
See more concepts about Cool devices, Cool electronics and Cool concepts. Luckily, we have car covers - cool automotive devices, a solution overlaying all these problems. Electronics & Gadgets 3D models ready to view, buy, and download without cost. As well as, OpenSocial templates may be used to quickly build social purposes in devices. We're speaking all issues distant management, digital devices, dwelling gadgets, journey gadgets, office gadgets and fashionable automobile accessories.
You possibly can receive notifications, control music and monitor gadgets with the assistance of Bluetooth expertise and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society completely different cellular apps. NDTV Gadgets 360 is India's largest technology news web site and now we have the most recent information and updates on mobiles, our expert reviews and rankings, detailed data on product specs and options will enable you to in zeroing down on the phone which is greatest for you to buy.
From streaming set-top packing containers to augmented actuality laser tag to smartphone photo voltaic chargers, listed below are 25 cool gadgets priced no more than $50 every-every one of them certain to be helpful, enjoyable, entertaining, or all of the above. Strive searching "coolest gadgets" on Google for some more vital gadget information blogs. Each day Cool Gadgets. With Gadgets360Ă°, we imagine in offering a 360Ă° view to our users and in our endeavour, we now have a lot more planned for you in the form of unique gadget launches, finest offers on well-liked merchandise and video content.
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These are a few of the devices that may work to extend your consolation, safety, and preserve you related when driving. Distinctive gifts, geeky gadgets, outside gear, uncommon dwelling merchandise, and novelty items. The most recent devices and accessories enable you discover your automotive when it's stolen, allow you to drive it better, and even fix it when it is damaged. The Adaptive Deep NN shall be smart enough to collect and analyse the info coming from the wearable gadgets like place, temperature, coronary heart-beat, and many others.
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Lab Diamonds VS âRealâ Diamonds: We Break Down the Ethics, Cost and Environmental Impact
In our Winter issue, FASHION editors rounded up the 100 people, products and experiences we think will blow up in 2019. Itâs our inaugural Hot 100 Fuse List. From the workouts youâll be doing, to the new designers and artists youâll see on your feed, this is your guide to being in the know this year. With the FTCâs new stance on lab diamonds and the debate around the ethics and environmental ramifications of mined diamonds, we predict consumer interest inâand access toâlab diamonds will be bigger than ever in 2019.
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Weâre here to make buying a diamond clear, easy and free of stress. #createdbyspence #spencediamonds #diamonds #diamondjewelry #bling
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75: Lab Diamonds
Rue Saint-HonorĂ©, in Paris, is the stuff of retail dreams. Itâs not unusual to see a lineup snaking outside the Balenciaga boutique, a stoneâs throw from Goyardâs flagship, while a Porsche idles in front of the Mandarin Oriental hotel. Itâs also where Swarovski hosted a fall preview during Paris Fashion Week earlier this year. Tucked in the back of the showroom is a smaller room devoted to Atelier Swarovski. This is home to high-end pieces such as designer collaborations with Mary Katrantzou and Jason Wu. Itâs also where youâll find the brandâs Red Carpet collection, which features lab-created diamonds.
âNot even trained jewellers know the difference,â says one publicist of the lab- versus mined-stone debate. Nadja Swarovski, a member of Swarovskiâs executive board, might be part of a crystal empire built on the idea of âa diamond for everyone,â but even she once described lab diamonds as a âconscious luxuryâ for people who âwant to know where their products come from.â A few months later, Swarovski announced that its lab-diamond brand, Diama, would be integrated under Atelier Swarovski, with pieces starting at $595 U.S.
Lab Diamonds VS âRealâ Diamonds: Pro:Â Jewellers cannot tell them apart. Con:Â Theyâre not billions of years old.
Mined diamonds, the ones weâve learned to love in part because of De Beersâs post-Depression-era marketing campaigns, were formed over 150 kilometres below the earthâs surface, in the mantle. There, high pressure and temperatures turned carbon atoms into diamonds over the course of a billion years or more. A laboratory setting can recreate conditions present deep within the earth and complete the process in as little as 400 hours.
Itâs space age, and a little freaky, to think that the worldâs most âromanticâ stone can come from a lab, but itâs not entirely new. Lab diamonds used primarily for industrial purposes have been around since the 1950s, but clean, gem-quality diamonds made an appearance in 2006, not long after the film Blood Diamond, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, which exposed the sinister side of high-priced gems and how mining in war zones can help finance warlords with illicit diamond sales. DiCaprio is also a backer of the California-based Diamond Foundry, one of the industryâs biggest lab-diamond producers.
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Buying a diamond shouldnât be like buying a diamond. At Spence, you can reach into any display and try on as many styles as you like! . . . . . #SpenceDiamonds #CreatedbySpence #Spence #Diamonds #EngagementRings #DiamondExperience #JewelryAddict #RingSelfie #PutARingOnIt #Bling
A post shared by Spence Diamonds (@shopspence) on Jan 24, 2019 at 10:33am PST
At the Mississauga, Ont., showroom for Canadian retailer Spence Diamonds, display cases of engagement rings are divided into style categories like Modern, Solitaire, Vintage and Halo. The cases are open, so you can just reach in and try an item on. (All the engagement rings in the showroom contain placeholder glass.) Flip a ring over and youâll see a tag with two prices: one for âminedâ and another for âACD,â or âartisan created diamond,â which is Spence-speak for lab diamond.
Innocently enough, I ask Spence CEO Eric Lindberg if lab diamonds are as good as mined. ââGoodâ is an arbitrary word,â says Lindberg. âI would say this: A lab diamond, from an atomic standpoint, is identical to a mined diamond in the structure of that stone. From a physical chemical property standpoint, itâs exactly the same as a mined diamond. Jewellers cannot tell them apart.â
âFrom a physical chemical property standpoint, itâs exactly the same as a mined diamond. Jewellers cannot tell them apart.â
And the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) would agree. In July 2018, the FTC amended its jewellery guidelines to allow lab diamonds to be marketed as âcultured,â the way pearls are. The term ânaturalâ is out because, as the FTC wrote, itâs ânow possible to create products that have essentially the same optical, physical and chemical properties as mined diamonds.â
In the showroom, I admire a ring with a simple princess-cut diamond that would cost $8,550 for a mined stone and $6,600 for an ACD. The storeâs director of sales shows me two diamonds: one mined, one lab. To my untrained eye, the only difference between them is that the mined diamond has a minor, yet charming, flaw.
âEthically, if you have concerns about buying a diamond, a created diamond comes from a laboratory facility that is shipping that diamond directly to us; itâs trackable,â says Lindberg. âTearing a big mine in the ground and then shipping diamonds around the worldâthat is not an environmentally-friendly practice.â Spence also donates a portion of its ACD sales to the global non-profit Not for Sale, which helps victims of human trafficking.
âTearing a big mine in the ground and then shipping diamonds around the worldâthat is not an environmentally-friendly practice.â
Thereâs also the matter of pricing: Lab-created diamonds at Spence are 25 to 50 per cent larger than similarly priced mined ones. Which is how De Beers, the worldâs largest diamond distributor, pulled the jewellery equivalent of a mic drop when it unveiled Lightbox, a subsidiÂary now selling lab-diamond jewellery online. Lightbox pieces are priced lower than those of competitors (a quarter-carat stone starts at $200 U.S.) and advertised in a way that recalls long walks on the beach, frosted doughnuts and pink Champagne.
Itâs worth noting that De Beers was part of the 2015 âReal Is Rareâ worldwide campaign by the Diamond Producers Association that targeted millennials and took aim at lab diamonds. David Johnson, head of strategic communications at De Beers, says that Lightbox is a response to exhaustive consumer research. âThey [consumers] donât see [lab diamonds] as having enduring value,â says Johnson. âTheyâre not unique or billions of years old; theyâre not from nature. You could just produce more and more of them. So consumers didnât feel they should be valued as highly.â
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This ring! Itâs the trickiest and longest job Iâve ever taken on. Audrey and Bertie were adamant they wanted lab-made diamonds, and they loved a previous trilogy ring that weâd made. However, who knew đ€·đ»ââïž itâs so difficult to acquire lab-made diamonds in matching pear shapes! I literally scoured the world. I had suppliers in India, USA, Russia, China, Japan and Australia of course, hunting for these pears. After three months, I finally found one pair in the USA. The relief. This ring drove me âround the twist, but the outcome is worth it. Undeniably beautiful, ethical and made with love. Iâm so happy Audrey and Bertrand never gave up on me đ
A post shared by Bert Jewellery (@bertjewellery) on Dec 16, 2018 at 11:01pm PST
Value. What we value is a conundrum I remember well from my own engagement. My then-fiancĂ© knew not to propose with a ring; I had to be involved because I was far too sophisticated to be bedazzled by a diamond. In the end, I proved to be more conventional than I thoughtâyes, thereâs a diamond in my wedding band. But my next diamond will probably be lab-made becauseâwhat with a mortgage, kids and educations to finance nowâitâs not as important to me as it once was.
Itâs a similar story for Spence shopper Michael DoBush of Edmonton. He purchased a white-gold infinity band with a 3.10-carat round brilliant-cut diamond and 13 quarter-carat diamonds to replace his wifeâs ring after it was stolen in a break-in. âSounds like a sad story, but it was our fifth wedding anniversary,â says DoBush. âThe end result was a larger ring for less money without sacrificing quality, and the ethical aspect was important.â
âThere are consumers under a certain age who have grown up thinking that technology solves everything and this is yet another example of âWell, of course technology solved this problem.ââ
That sliding-value scale is what will either help or continue to hurt the lab-diamond marketplace. But people like Lindberg are optimistic. âThere are consumers under a certain age who have grown up thinking that technology solves everything and this is yet another example of âWell, of course technology solved this problem,ââ he says. âTechnology now allows us to have a diamond thatâs equally beautiful, and itâs bigger, and I know it comes from an ethical source. That makes all the sense in the world.â
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Lab Diamonds VS âRealâ Diamonds: We Break Down the Ethics, Cost and Environmental Impact
In our Winter issue, FASHION editors rounded up the 100 people, products and experiences we think will blow up in 2019. Itâs our inaugural Hot 100 Fuse List. From the workouts youâll be doing, to the new designers and artists youâll see on your feed, this is your guide to being in the know this year. With the FTCâs new stance on lab diamonds and the debate around the ethics and environmental ramifications of mined diamonds, we predict consumer interest inâand access toâlab diamonds will be bigger than ever in 2019.
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Weâre here to make buying a diamond clear, easy and free of stress. #createdbyspence #spencediamonds #diamonds #diamondjewelry #bling
A post shared by Spence Diamonds (@shopspence) on Feb 5, 2019 at 10:48am PST
75: Lab Diamonds
Rue Saint-HonorĂ©, in Paris, is the stuff of retail dreams. Itâs not unusual to see a lineup snaking outside the Balenciaga boutique, a stoneâs throw from Goyardâs flagship, while a Porsche idles in front of the Mandarin Oriental hotel. Itâs also where Swarovski hosted a fall preview during Paris Fashion Week earlier this year. Tucked in the back of the showroom is a smaller room devoted to Atelier Swarovski. This is home to high-end pieces such as designer collaborations with Mary Katrantzou and Jason Wu. Itâs also where youâll find the brandâs Red Carpet collection, which features lab-created diamonds.
âNot even trained jewellers know the difference,â says one publicist of the lab- versus mined-stone debate. Nadja Swarovski, a member of Swarovskiâs executive board, might be part of a crystal empire built on the idea of âa diamond for everyone,â but even she once described lab diamonds as a âconscious luxuryâ for people who âwant to know where their products come from.â A few months later, Swarovski announced that its lab-diamond brand, Diama, would be integrated under Atelier Swarovski, with pieces starting at $595 U.S.
Lab Diamonds VS âRealâ Diamonds: Pro:Â Jewellers cannot tell them apart. Con:Â Theyâre not billions of years old.
Mined diamonds, the ones weâve learned to love in part because of De Beersâs post-Depression-era marketing campaigns, were formed over 150 kilometres below the earthâs surface, in the mantle. There, high pressure and temperatures turned carbon atoms into diamonds over the course of a billion years or more. A laboratory setting can recreate conditions present deep within the earth and complete the process in as little as 400 hours.
Itâs space age, and a little freaky, to think that the worldâs most âromanticâ stone can come from a lab, but itâs not entirely new. Lab diamonds used primarily for industrial purposes have been around since the 1950s, but clean, gem-quality diamonds made an appearance in 2006, not long after the film Blood Diamond, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, which exposed the sinister side of high-priced gems and how mining in war zones can help finance warlords with illicit diamond sales. DiCaprio is also a backer of the California-based Diamond Foundry, one of the industryâs biggest lab-diamond producers.
View this post on Instagram
Buying a diamond shouldnât be like buying a diamond. At Spence, you can reach into any display and try on as many styles as you like! . . . . . #SpenceDiamonds #CreatedbySpence #Spence #Diamonds #EngagementRings #DiamondExperience #JewelryAddict #RingSelfie #PutARingOnIt #Bling
A post shared by Spence Diamonds (@shopspence) on Jan 24, 2019 at 10:33am PST
At the Mississauga, Ont., showroom for Canadian retailer Spence Diamonds, display cases of engagement rings are divided into style categories like Modern, Solitaire, Vintage and Halo. The cases are open, so you can just reach in and try an item on. (All the engagement rings in the showroom contain placeholder glass.) Flip a ring over and youâll see a tag with two prices: one for âminedâ and another for âACD,â or âartisan created diamond,â which is Spence-speak for lab diamond.
Innocently enough, I ask Spence CEO Eric Lindberg if lab diamonds are as good as mined. ââGoodâ is an arbitrary word,â says Lindberg. âI would say this: A lab diamond, from an atomic standpoint, is identical to a mined diamond in the structure of that stone. From a physical chemical property standpoint, itâs exactly the same as a mined diamond. Jewellers cannot tell them apart.â
âFrom a physical chemical property standpoint, itâs exactly the same as a mined diamond. Jewellers cannot tell them apart.â
And the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) would agree. In July 2018, the FTC amended its jewellery guidelines to allow lab diamonds to be marketed as âcultured,â the way pearls are. The term ânaturalâ is out because, as the FTC wrote, itâs ânow possible to create products that have essentially the same optical, physical and chemical properties as mined diamonds.â
In the showroom, I admire a ring with a simple princess-cut diamond that would cost $8,550 for a mined stone and $6,600 for an ACD. The storeâs director of sales shows me two diamonds: one mined, one lab. To my untrained eye, the only difference between them is that the mined diamond has a minor, yet charming, flaw.
âEthically, if you have concerns about buying a diamond, a created diamond comes from a laboratory facility that is shipping that diamond directly to us; itâs trackable,â says Lindberg. âTearing a big mine in the ground and then shipping diamonds around the worldâthat is not an environmentally-friendly practice.â Spence also donates a portion of its ACD sales to the global non-profit Not for Sale, which helps victims of human trafficking.
âTearing a big mine in the ground and then shipping diamonds around the worldâthat is not an environmentally-friendly practice.â
Thereâs also the matter of pricing: Lab-created diamonds at Spence are 25 to 50 per cent larger than similarly priced mined ones. Which is how De Beers, the worldâs largest diamond distributor, pulled the jewellery equivalent of a mic drop when it unveiled Lightbox, a subsidiÂary now selling lab-diamond jewellery online. Lightbox pieces are priced lower than those of competitors (a quarter-carat stone starts at $200 U.S.) and advertised in a way that recalls long walks on the beach, frosted doughnuts and pink Champagne.
Itâs worth noting that De Beers was part of the 2015 âReal Is Rareâ worldwide campaign by the Diamond Producers Association that targeted millennials and took aim at lab diamonds. David Johnson, head of strategic communications at De Beers, says that Lightbox is a response to exhaustive consumer research. âThey [consumers] donât see [lab diamonds] as having enduring value,â says Johnson. âTheyâre not unique or billions of years old; theyâre not from nature. You could just produce more and more of them. So consumers didnât feel they should be valued as highly.â
View this post on Instagram
This ring! Itâs the trickiest and longest job Iâve ever taken on. Audrey and Bertie were adamant they wanted lab-made diamonds, and they loved a previous trilogy ring that weâd made. However, who knew đ€·đ»ââïž itâs so difficult to acquire lab-made diamonds in matching pear shapes! I literally scoured the world. I had suppliers in India, USA, Russia, China, Japan and Australia of course, hunting for these pears. After three months, I finally found one pair in the USA. The relief. This ring drove me âround the twist, but the outcome is worth it. Undeniably beautiful, ethical and made with love. Iâm so happy Audrey and Bertrand never gave up on me đ
A post shared by Bert Jewellery (@bertjewellery) on Dec 16, 2018 at 11:01pm PST
Value. What we value is a conundrum I remember well from my own engagement. My then-fiancĂ© knew not to propose with a ring; I had to be involved because I was far too sophisticated to be bedazzled by a diamond. In the end, I proved to be more conventional than I thoughtâyes, thereâs a diamond in my wedding band. But my next diamond will probably be lab-made becauseâwhat with a mortgage, kids and educations to finance nowâitâs not as important to me as it once was.
Itâs a similar story for Spence shopper Michael DoBush of Edmonton. He purchased a white-gold infinity band with a 3.10-carat round brilliant-cut diamond and 13 quarter-carat diamonds to replace his wifeâs ring after it was stolen in a break-in. âSounds like a sad story, but it was our fifth wedding anniversary,â says DoBush. âThe end result was a larger ring for less money without sacrificing quality, and the ethical aspect was important.â
âThere are consumers under a certain age who have grown up thinking that technology solves everything and this is yet another example of âWell, of course technology solved this problem.ââ
That sliding-value scale is what will either help or continue to hurt the lab-diamond marketplace. But people like Lindberg are optimistic. âThere are consumers under a certain age who have grown up thinking that technology solves everything and this is yet another example of âWell, of course technology solved this problem,ââ he says. âTechnology now allows us to have a diamond thatâs equally beautiful, and itâs bigger, and I know it comes from an ethical source. That makes all the sense in the world.â
The post Lab Diamonds VS âRealâ Diamonds: We Break Down the Ethics, Cost and Environmental Impact appeared first on FASHION Magazine.
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When they got engaged, on Christmas Day 1967, all these problems were in the past. Maharishi, for a long time, was the only little point of difference, although it was all amicable. Jane didnât fall for him when the others did, although she understood the attraction. She would obviously have preferred to try to reach a spiritual state on their own. Paul wasnât as committed as George and John when he went with Jane to India in 1968, but he felt there was something there that would help him, that might answer his questions. So Jane agreed to go with him. In the end they both had a rewarding and happy time in India. âAs Beatles, weâve gone through millions of superficial changes, which mean nothing and havenât changed us,â says Paul. âItâs like in posh places, you get to like avocado and spinach and other way-out foods, so you have them every time. You learn about wine and thatâs the scene for a while. When youâve done all that, then you can go back.
the beatles, hunter davies
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(Note: This was originally an ask dear @smileawaysmileaway sent me late last year. As they decided they were uncomfortable with showing their email address publicly, I privated the post shortly after replying to it. If only for archival purposes and a reminder to myself to post the Get Back sessions excerpt I mention, Iâm now reposting the ask and my reply with the email address censored.)
I have but a silhouette of a perspective on what happened, if that makes any sense; it is, conceptually, Schrödingerâs India where everything and nothing happened at the same time.
You have reminded me of certain discussions and speculative points brought up in the past that Iâve been piqued by, though, in relation but not exclusive to whatever did or didnât happen in India, so do look forward to a small Quotes for Curious Contemplation post in the near future. In the meantime, for your, well, contemplation, here are a few intriguing excerpts I transcribed from the Get Back/Let It Be sessions on January 25th, 1969, when Paul brings up the film footage heâs just seen of their sojourn in Rishikesh:
PAUL: Itâs great. Itâs incredible, you know, just to sort of see us, what weâre doing.
GEORGE: What were you doing?
JOHN: Yes, what were we doing?
PAUL: Well, uh...
GEORGE: ExceptâŠ
PAUL: I donât really know, you know. [John chuckles] But itâs like we totally put our own personalities on there, for the sake of it. And you can really see, you know.
âŠ
GEORGE: Do you regret having gone there?
PAUL: No, no. Oh no, no. I mean, you know.
GEORGE: I mean, I feel as though likeâ
PAUL: No, I just think what we did thereâ
JOHN: I donât regret anything. Ever. Not even Bob Wooler.
PAUL: No, I just think what we did there â uh, we didnât take â we werenât really sort of truthful, there. You know.
âŠ
PAUL: Itâs that thing, you know. We probably should have sort ofâ
JOHN: Been ourselves.
PAUL: Yeah. A lot more, yeah.
GEORGE: That is the biggest â thatâs the like, the joke, the biggest joke, to be yourselves. Because that was the purpose of going thereâ
JOHN: Yeah, but I was likeâ
GEORGE: âto try and find out who yourself really is.
JOHN: Yes. Well, we found out, didnât we.
GEORGE: And if you were really yourself, we wouldnât be any of who we are now.
PAUL: Hm.
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Reignited Trilogy Leaks with Screenshots and Box Art
As one of the most iconic platforming series from the PS1-era, Spyro the Dragon took players through a variety of colorful and cartoonish worlds, and after quite some time of fervent fan demand, it appears that the little purple dragon will get to fly again.
A listing for Spyro: Reignited Trilogy has appeared on Amazon Mexico, seeming to confirm that the collection will be a remastered trilogy of the first three Spyro games: the original, Riptoâs Rage!, and Year of the Dragon.
In addition to the collection leaking through the Amazon Mexico page, Amazon India also corroborated the leak with another listing that provided our first look at box art for the game, and several screenshots of the remastered collection in action, making for a striking comparison to the PS1 originals.
The listings on both Amazon Mexico and Amazon India indicate a release date of September 21st, 2018 (which falls on a Friday) for the collection and a price point of $39.99. This information may purely be a placeholder for now, but itâs not outside the realm of possibility, given that Activisionâs Crash Bandicoot: N. Sane Trilogy also launched at a $40 price tag, and also released on a Friday last year (June 30th).
The listings have also indicated that the collection will be coming to PS4 and Xbox One, though no other platforms or release details are apparent just yet.
This of course is to be taken with a slight grain of salt, as the collection has not been formally announced by either Activision or Toys for Bob (the apparent developer of the collection) yet, but recent teases have indicated that it seems likely weâll get the remastered games that fans have been asking for. Given the success of last yearâs Crash Bandicoot: N. Sane Trilogy, it only seems like a matter of time.
For now, weâll have to wait for official confirmation of the collection, but in the meantime, you can check out the reported box art and screenshots below for Spyro: Reignited Trilogy.
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Xiaomi 43-inch Mi TV 4C India launch set for March 7: Specs, price and everything expected
Recently, the leading Chinese manufacturing company Xiaomi launched its Mi TV 4, with 55 inches and 4K UHD display in the market. Carrying a price tag or Rs. 39,999, the TV managed to attract more consumers. Well, if you think this was the best from Xiaomi, then you are wrong. Xiaomi, after its first Mi TV, is now on its way to introduce itâs another brand new Mi TV in India and it will be launched on 7th March 2018. The new Mi TV names as the Mi TV 4C will be priced little lower than the Mi TV 4K. That means it will be more affordable than the previous one. Letâs check out the details specifications and features of the new Mi TV 4C. Specifications and features of the Mi 4C: It will be the upgraded version of the Mi TV 4A. This TV has been launched in China, no it is arriving India. The Mi TV 4A will come with 43-inch FHD display, and as per the listing, it is carrying a price tag of Rs. 27,999. The China version of this TV comes with a 1 GB of RAM and offers 8 GB of internal storage capacity. But, the Indian model will come with a different configuration, i.e., a 3GB of RAM and 32 GB of internal storage. Talking about its display, with 43-inch FHD display, it offers 1920x1080 pixel of screen resolution with 4000:1 contrast ratio. It supports 60Hz refreshing rate, 6.5ms latency, and 178-degree wide viewing capability. The TV carries very thin bezels, and its thickness is only 9 mm. Coming to its hardware configuration, the Mi TV 4C carries an Amlogic T962 Cortex-A53 Quad-Core processor which clocked at 1.5GHz. Along with that, it has a Mali-T450 GPU for better image processing. Its other features include Wi-Fi 802.11ac, Bluetooth 4.0, and dual 8W powered speakers. It also supports Dolby audio technology and DTS. The Mi TV 4C will run on PatchWall OS with PatchWall AI. The TV supports AI function which can observe viewing habits of users and later can suggest them to experience the best. Recently, to offer the best Indic content, Xiaomi has collaborated with 12 Indian channels. But, the TV will not support Amazon Prime Video and Netflix. Expected price of Mi TV 4C for Indian market: When it was first launched in China, it was priced at CNY 1,849 which is approximately Rs. 19,000. Looking at this, it is expected that, for the Indian market it will carry a price tag below Rs. 20,000. For now, the placeholder price of the TV is Rs. 27,000. But, the final pricing will be more different than this. Since some few days, Xiaomi is teasing about the smarter and affordable TV, i.e., the Mi TV 4C. There is no doubt that the new affordable Mi TV will affect Indiaâs TV market. Its premium model, the Mi TV 4K carries all the necessary features, and it can give stiff coemption to Sony, Samsung, LG and more. The TV can be treated as the best TV in the high-end price segment. Now, Xiaomiâs Mi TV 4C will try to take over TV brands like TCL, Onida, Hair and more. The users can get a TV with same display quality in the market carrying price tag of around Rs, 28,000. But, Xiaomi is well known for its pricing strategy. As it offers outstanding smartphones at very affordable prices, this time the company will do the same. Its pricing strategy will surely disturb the competitors. It may be noted that its Mi TV 4K has been received outstanding feedback from Indian customers. The first batch got out of stock within a few seconds. The flash sales of the TV have proved that the TV will bring some revolution in the 4K mainstream. The third flash sales of the TV will begin at 12noon on 6th March 2018, and it is Flipkart Exclusive. It is expected that the third sale will receive the same response. For now, you have to wait till 7th March to get full information and price detail of the upcoming Xiaomiâs Mi TV 4C. Read the full article
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Who Invented âZeroâ?
Following article has been taken from the New York Times, Sunday Review, Opinion page. âWho invented âZeroâ?â, Manil Suri, Oct 7, 2017.Â
Manil Suri, the author of the novel âThe City of Devi,â is a mathematics professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
âCarbon dating of an ancient Indian document, the Bakhshali manuscript, has recently placed the first written occurrence of the number zero in the third or fourth century A.D., about 500 years earlier than previously believed. While the news has no practical bearing on the infrastructure of zeros (and ones) underlying our high-tech civilization, it does remind us how indebted we are for this invention. But to whom is this debt owed? And how should it be repaid?
Chauvinistic politicians might loudly trumpet Indiaâs role (as they have, more controversially, in the case of the Pythagorean theorem), but the history of zero remains unsettled enough to still be the subject of continuing quests. The Babylonians used it as a placeholder, an idea later developed independently by the Mayans. The Chinese, at some point in time, indicated it by an empty space in their counting-rod system. Some claim the Greeks flirted with the idea but, finding the concept of the void too frightening in their Aristotelian framework, passed it on to the Indians. The Hindus are generally acknowledged as being the first to formulate it as an independent number â the key to using it in mathematical calculations or binary code. Whatâs clear is that this history is dominated by non-European civilizations. Truly an alt-right nightmare.
Obviously, there were no intellectual property rights in force back then. Had there been a patent office, it might have ruled, as courts do now, that mathematical advances uncover pre-existing knowledge rather than create anything new â and are hence unpatentable. The conundrum of whether mathematics is discovered or invented is as old as Plato. Certainly, zero displays this duality: The void is as old as time, but it was a human innovation to harness it with a symbol.
In recognition of this innovation, and ignoring all practicalities, suppose someone, somehow, had figured out how to put a price tag on zero. The royalties generated would be staggering â imagine the tab for just your personal use alone! This might lead to a significant redistribution of wealth, most of it going to the developing world.
One difficulty is splitting the payments, since no one could claim exclusive âownershipâ of zeroâs creation. I asked my âHistory of Mathematicsâ class to come up with an exact breakdown based on zeroâs provenance, something that, coincidentally, we had just discussed when the carbon dating news broke. Not unexpectedly, India fared best, with 42 percent of the proceeds, though students directed it be split with neighboring countries â after all, the manuscript was found in what is now Pakistan (I can already hear the Indian ministers howl their protests).
Babylon ended up with 18 percent, which if allotted to Iraq, the present-day country of its location, might be just compensation for the years of war endured. Greece came next, with a surprising 15 percent â perhaps my class felt the country was getting shortchanged for all its other mathematical contributions. The Mayans raked in 14 percent, which means Mexico would be rolling in so much money from its share that it might be the one clamoring (and paying) for a wall. My classâs most left-leaning group declared it wouldnât disburse the money at all, âso as not to encourage capitalism.â
Of course, the exercise was pure fantasy for many reasons; any compensatory scheme would be dead on arrival based on the mention of âreparations.â And yet it highlighted the fact that there were cultures and peoples that parented zero, whose descendants may not be doing as well now. If not financial recompense, is at least some enhanced ethical responsibility toward them owed?
If so, the primary onus might fall on tech companies, arguably the biggest users of this resource. Right now, their prize target is India, with Microsoft, Google and Facebook all vying to bring its enormous population online. These giants might point out that theyâre already being altruistic by offering free connectivity, through schemes that will plug in rural areas, vitalize the economy and transform the country â and just happen to add hundreds of millions of potential customers to their rosters for a variety of ads and e-products. Could it be a coincidence that Microsoft, for instance, has also been investing heavily in future cloud services, cybersecurity and e-commerce for India?
Think of it. The companies will use the indigenously developed resource of zeros and ones (the Arabs got their numerals from India, after all), package them into new services and products, and sell them back. India has lived through such irony before. The British Empire took her raw cotton and sold it back as finished garments, destroying the local textile industry and helping lower Indiaâs share of the world gross domestic product to 3 percent from 23 percent.
Fortunately, the parallel flounders. The finished e-products will mostly be manufactured in India, even if backed by foreign investment. Also, the country is wiser: It will not succumb easily to a new cyber-colonialism. Last year, under a broader ânet neutralityâ decision, the government banned Facebookâs âFree Basicsâ plan, which offered free Wi-Fi but only to websites of the companyâs choosing (Facebook, undeterred, is already marketing a replacement). This year, it also declined a bid from Microsoft to offer connectivity through old television bands. Instead, under pressure from Indian cellular operators, the bands will be auctioned off.
Whether Indian tech companies will prevail remains to be seen. Whatâs clear is that vigorous market competition is underway to control all those zeros and ones. Despite my liberal student groupâs disapproval, zero encourages capitalistic forces, after all.
In fact, zero is essential to much of human endeavor; it has become a fundamental part of our legacy, too seemingly immutable for any kind of compensatory reckoning. And yet the Bakhshali manuscript reminds us that zero wasnât always at hand. Rather, it was the intellectual product of cultures perhaps far different from our own, of peoples and regions that may have subsided but could once again rise to dominance.â
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